Department of Entomology | Plant-Insect Interactions Lab

1. Sorghum defense responses to phloem-feeding aphids. Sorghum, one of the world’s most important monocot crops grown for food, feed, and fuel, suffers severe yield losses due to attack by phloem-feeding insects, including aphids. This project will fill an important gap in current research by utilizing genomic resources to gain insight into the underlying genetic networks and phenotypic traits that contribute to sorghum resistance to aphids. To investigate this, we are utilizing the natural variation in a panel of sorghum inbred lines to elucidate the novel sources of sorghum resistance to sugarcane aphids (SCA). We are using a combination of molecular, biochemical, and electrophysiological approaches to enable better understanding of the genetic basis of sorghum resistance to aphids. The results from this project will provide improved insight as to how endogenous defenses and manipulation of defense signaling networks contribute to the development of more efficient and durable insect pest-resistant varieties of sorghum. This project is recently funded for more than $1.5 Million by the National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Program (CAREER) Program.
   
2. Long-distance defense signaling in maize-insect interactions. We have identified that the aboveground feeding by aphids on maize rapidly sends a yet unidentified signal(s) to the roots that trigger belowground accumulation of the transcripts encoding insecticidal Maize Insect Resistance-Cysteine Protease (Mir1-CP), signifying a potential role of aboveground to belowground communication in maize defense against the phloem-feeding insects. Recently, we have also discovered that OPDA, an intermediate in the jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway, can contribute to plant defense against insect pests by enhancing callose accumulation. Callose deposition is one of the defense mechanisms utilized by plants that contribute to sieve element occlusion and thus control infestation by phloem sap-feeding aphids. This study provided some interesting leads on how plant signaling mechanisms may limit insect performance by enhancing callose accumulation, thus providing an early line of defense against the insect.
   
3. Herbivore-Associated Molecular Patterns (HAMPs) in altering plant defenses. Plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms to overcome different stresses, including both biotic and abiotic stresses. At the same time, insects produce a suite of Herbivore-Associated Molecular Patterns (HAMPs) present in the insect oral secretions (regurgitant), saliva, and/or frass may either amplify/suppress the induced plant defenses. We are currently employing proteomic techniques to identify the protein components of caterpillar saliva and frass that modulate plant defenses in sorghum.
   
4. Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) as a tool to study plant-insect interactions. EPG technique is a potent technique to investigate the specifics of plant resistance to piercing/sucking insects. Monitoring this probing behavior is critical in understanding the localization of plant defenses and to determine how plants engage their defense components to restrict aphid feeding. Louis lab has a direct current (DC)-EPG system, which measures the electrical resistance fluctuations produced by the penetrating insect as well as the electromotive force (EMF) signal components that are generated as a result of the aphid feeding. This responsiveness to EMF components is utilized to differentiate between intracellular and intercellular stylet tip positions. When the aphid stylet is inserted intercellularly, the voltage is positive and when inserted intracellularly, the voltage is negative, resulting in potential drops in the signal which is correlated with the physiological condition and defense status of the host.
   

Click here to see full publication list and citations at Google Scholar.

¹Post-doctoral Research Associate in Louis Laboratory, ²Graduate Student in Louis Laboratory, ³Undergraduate student advised by Dr. Louis, ^*Co-first authors, ^#Corresponding author

1. Grover S¹, Cardona J², Zogli P¹, Alvarez S, Naldrett M, Sattler SE and Louis J^#(2022). Reprogramming of sorghum proteome in response to sugarcane aphid infestation. Plant Science, DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111289.
2. Alam ST, Sarowar S, Mondal HA, Makandar M, Chowdhury Z, Louis J and Shah J (2022). Opposing effects of MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE 1 and jasmonic acid influence the outcome of Arabidopsis thaliana-Fusarium graminearum interaction. Molecular Plant Pathology, DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13216. 
3. Grover S¹, Puri H², Xin Z, Sattler SE and Louis J^# (2022). Dichotomous role of jasmonic acid in modulating sorghum defense against aphids. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, DOI: 10.1094/MPMI-01-22-0005-R.

4. Pingault L¹, Basu S¹, Zogli P¹, Williams WP, Palmer N, Sarath G and Louis J^# (2021). Aboveground herbivory influences belowground defense responses in maize. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.765940

5. Da Silva KF², Everhart SE^# and Louis J^# (2021). Impact of maize hormonal interactions on the performance of Spodoptera frugiperda in plants infected with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, DOI: 10.1007/s11829-021-09849-x
6. Pingault L¹, Varsani S², Palmer N, Ray S, Williams WP, Luthe DS, Ali JG, Sarath G and Louis J^# (2021). Transcriptomic and volatile signatures associated with maize defense against corn leaf aphid. BMC Plant Biology, 21: 138. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-02910-0

2016 - 2020

7. Zogli P¹, Pingault L¹, Grover S² and Louis J^# (2020). Ento(o)mics: the intersection of “omic” approaches to decipher plant defense against sap-sucking insect pests. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 56: 153-161. DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.06.002
8. Grover S², Agpawa E³, Sarath G, Sattler SE and Louis J^# (2020). Interplay of phytohormones facilitate sorghum tolerance to aphids. Plant Molecular Biology, DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01083-y
9. Pingault L¹, Palmer NA, Koch KG, Heng-Moss T, Bradshaw JD, Seravalli J, Twigg P, Louis J^# and Sarath G^# (2020). Differential defense responses of upland and lowland switchgrass cultivars to a cereal aphid pest. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21, 7966.
10. Zogli P¹, Alvarez S, Naldrett M, Palmer N, Koch K, Pingault L¹, Bradshaw J, Twigg P, Heng-Moss T, Louis J^# and Sarath G^#(2020). Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum) herbivory significantly impacts protein and phosphorylation abundance in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum). Scientific Reports, 10: 14842.
11. Koch KG, Palmer NA, Donze-Reiner T, Scully ED, Seravalli J, Amundsen K, Twigg P, Louis J, Bradshaw JD, Heng-Moss T and Sarath G (2020). Aphid-responsive defense networks in hybrid switchgrass. Frontiers in Plant Science, DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01145
12. Grover S², Varsani S², Kolomiets M and Louis J^# (2020). Maize defense elicitor, 12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid, prolongs aphid salivation. Communicative & Integrative Biology, 1: 63-66
13. Basu S¹, Pereira A, Pinheiro DH, Wang H, Valencia-Jiménez A, Siegfried BD, Louis J, Zhou X and Vélez AM.(2019) Evaluation of reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR analysis in southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi (Barber). Scientific Reports, 9: 10703.
14. Palmer NA, Basu S¹, Heng-Moss TM, Bradshaw JD, Sarath G^# and Louis J^#(2019). Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) feeding elicits differential defense responses in upland and lowland switchgrass. PLoS One, 14(6): e0218352.
15. Varsani S², Grover S², Zhou S, Koch KG, Huang PC, Kolomiets M, Williams WP, Heng-Moss T, Sarath G, Luthe DS, Jander G and Louis J^# (2019). 12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid acts as a regulator of maize defense against corn leaf aphid. Plant Physiology, 179: 1402-1415.
16. Tetreault HM, Grover S², Scully ED, Gries T, Palmer N, Sarath G, Louis J and Sattler SE (2019). Global responses of resistant and susceptible sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) to sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari). Frontiers in Plant Science, 10: 145.
17. Nalam VJ, Louis J and Shah J (2019). Plant defense against aphids, the pest extraordinaire. Plant Science, 279: 96-107.
18. Grover S², Wojahn B³, Varsani S², Sattler SE and Louis J^# (2019). Resistance to greenbugs in the sorghum nested association mapping population. Arthropod-Plant Interactions, 13: 261-269.
19. Chapman K², Marchi-Werle L, Hunt TE, Heng-Moss T and Louis J^# (2018). Abscisic and jasmonic acids contribute to soybean tolerance to the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura). Scientific Reports, 8: 1514.
20. Koch KG, Donze-Reiner T, Baird LM, Louis J, Amundsen K, Sarath G, Bradshaw JD and Heng-Moss T (2018). Evaluation of greenbug and yellow sugarcane aphid feeding behavior on resistant and susceptible switchgrass cultivars. BioEnergy Research, 8: 165-174.
21. Nalam VJ, Louis J, Patel M and Shah J (2018). Arabidopsis-Green Peach Aphid interaction: rearing the insect, no-choice and fecundity assays, and electrical penetration graph technique to study insect feeding behavior. Bio-protocol, 8(15): e2950.
22. Basu S¹, Varsani S² and Louis J^# (2018). Altering plant defenses: Herbivore-associated molecular patterns and effector arsenal of chewing herbivores. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 31(1): 13-21.
23. Mondal H, Louis J, Archer L, Patel M, Nalam VJ, Sarowar S, Sivapalan V, Root DD and Shah J (2018). Arabidopsis ACTIN-DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR3 is required for controlling aphid feeding from the phloem. Plant Physiology, 176: 879-890.
24. Koch K, Chapman K², Louis J, Heng-Moss T and Sarath, G (2016). Plant tolerance: A unique approach to control hemipteran pests. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7:1363.
25. Ray S, Basu S¹, Rivera-Vega L, Acevedo FE, Louis J, Felton GW and Luthe DS (2016). Lessons from the far end: caterpillar frass-induced defenses in maize, rice, cabbage and tomato. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 42:1130–1141.
26. Varsani S², Basu S¹, Williams WP, Felton GW, Luthe DS and Louis J^# (2016). Intraplant communication in maize contributes to defense against insects. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 11, e1212800.
    2011 - 2015
27. Louis J^#, Basu S¹, Varsani S², Castano-Duque L, Jiang V³, Williams WP, Felton GW and Luthe DS. (2015). Ethylene contributes to maize insect resistance1-mediated maize defense against the phloem sap-sucking corn leaf aphid. Plant Physiology, 169: 313-324.
28. Louis J^# and Shah J (2015). Plant defence against aphids: the PAD4 signalling nexus. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66 (2): 449-454.
29. Louis J^#, Peiffer M, Ray S, Luthe DS and Felton GW (2013). Host-specific salivary elicitor(s) of European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) induce defenses in tomato and maize. New Phytologist, 199: 63-73.
30. Louis J and Shah J (2013). Arabidopsis thaliana - Myzus persicae interaction: shaping the understanding of plant defense against phloem-feeding aphids. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4: 213.
31. Louis J^#, Luthe DS and Felton GW (2013). Salivary signals of European corn borer induce indirect defenses in tomato. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 10.4161/psb.27318.
32. Cao T, Lahiri I, Singh V, Louis J, Shah J and Ayre BG (2013). Metabolic engineering of raffinose-family oligosaccharides in the phloem reveals alterations in carbon partitioning and enhances resistance to green peach aphid. Frontiers in Plant Science, 4: 263.
33. Louis J, Gobbato E, Mondal HA, Feys BJ, Parker JE and Shah J (2012). Discrimination of Arabidopsis PAD4 activities in defense against green peach aphid and pathogens. Plant Physiology, 158: 1860-1872. (Featured Cover article, April 2012).
34. Louis J^*, Mondal HA^* and Shah J (2012). Green peach aphid infestation induces Arabidopsis PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 expression at site of stylet penetration. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 7: 11, 1431-1433. *Co-first authors.
35. Singh V, Louis J, Ayre B, Reese JC and Shah J (2011). TREHALOSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE11-dependent trehalose metabolism promotes Arabidopsis thaliana defense against the phloem-feeding insect, Myzus persicae. Plant Journal, 67 (1): 94-104.
36. Zhu L, Reese JC, Louis J, Campbell L and Chen MS (2011). Electrical penetration graph (EPG) analysis of the feeding behavior of soybean aphids on soybean cultivars with antibiosis. Journal of Economic Entomology, 104 (6): 2068-2072.
    2006 - 2010
37. Louis J, Kukula K-L, Singh V, Reese JC, Jander G and Shah J (2010). Antibiosis against the green peach aphid requires the Arabidopsis thaliana MYZUS PERSICAE-INDUCED LIPASE1 gene. Plant Journal, 64 (5): 800-811.
38. Pallipparambil GR, Reese JC, Avila CA, Louis J and Goggin FL (2010). Mi-mediated aphid resistance in tomato: tissue localization and impact on the feeding behavior of two potato aphid isolates with differing levels of virulence. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 135: 295-307.
39. Louis J, Leung Q, Pegadaraju V, Reese JC and Shah J (2010). PAD4-dependent antibiosis contributes to the ssi2-conferred hyper-resistance to the green peach aphid. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 23 (5): 618-627.
40. Mutti NS, Louis J, Pappan LK, Pappan K, Begum K, Chen MS, Park Y, Dittmer N, Marshall J, Reese JC and Reeck GR (2008). A protein from the salivary glands of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, is essential in feeding on a host plant. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 105 (29): 9965-9969.
41. Pegadaraju V^*, Louis J^*, Singh V, Reese JC, Bautor J, Feys BJ, Cook G, Parker JE and Shah J (2007). Phloem-based resistance to green peach aphid is controlled by Arabidopsis PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT4 without its signaling partner ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1. Plant Journal, 52 (2): 332-341.
42. Diaz-Montano J, Reese JC, Louis J, Campbell L and Schapaugh WT (2007). Feeding behavior by the soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on resistant and susceptible soybean genotypes. Journal of Economic Entomology, 100 (3): 984-989.
43. Voothuluru P, Meng J, Khajuria C, Louis J, Zhu L, Starkey S, Wilde GE, Baker CA and Smith CM (2006). Categories and inheritance of resistance to Russian wheat aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) biotype 2 in a selection from wheat cereal introduction 2401. Journal of Economic Entomology, 99 (5): 1854-1861.

Book Chapters/Proceedings

1. Felton GW, Chung SC, Estrada-Hernańdez MG, Louis J, Peiffer M and Tian D (2014). Herbivore oral secretions are the first line of protection against plant induced defenses. Annual Plant Reviews, 47: 37-76.
2. Luthe DS, Louis J, Jin S and Castano-Duque L (2013). Expression of the defense gene mir1 depends on herbivore feeding guild and maize genotype. In “Proceedings of the IOBC/WPRS Working Group - Induced resistance in plants against insects and diseases”, Vol 89: 323-327. M Bardin, B Mauch-Mani, S Mazzotta, P Nicot, C Pieterse, J-L Poessel, M Ponchet and A Schmitt, eds. OIBC/OILB, Avignon, France.
3. Louis J^#, Singh V and Shah J (2012). Arabidopsis thaliana – aphid interaction. The Arabidopsis Book, 10: e0159.
4. Parker JE, Rietz S, Wirthmüller L, Bartsch M, Bautor J, Pegadaraju V, Louis J, Singh V, Reese J and Shah J (2008). Processes in plant resistance to invasive pathogens and probing insects. In “Biology of Plant-Microbe Interactions”, Vol 6. M. Lorito, S. L. Woo, and F. Scala, eds. IS- MPMI, St Paul, MN.
   
   

	Dr. Joe Louis, Eberhard Professor of Agricultural Entomology	joelouis@unl.edu
	Dr. Lise Pingault, Postdoctoral Research Associate	lise.pingault@unl.edu
	Dr. De-Fen Mou, Postdoctoral Research Associate	defenmou@unl.edu
	Dr. Pritha Kundu, Postdoctoral Research Associate	pkundu3@unl.edu
	Juan Betancurt Cardona, Research Technician	jjbetancurtcardona2@huskers.unl.edu
	Kait Chapman, Ph.D. Student	kchapman13@unl.edu
	Heena Puri, Ph.D. Student	fheena2@huskers.unl.edu
	Sanket Shinde, Ph.D. student	sshinde2@huskers.unl.edu
	Edith Ikuze, M.S. student	edith.ikuze@huskers.unl.edu
	Leah Cheney, Lab Research Assistant, Undergraduate Student	lcheney2@huskers.unl.edu
	Kyler Lawrenson, Lab Research Assistant, Undergraduate Student	klawrenson2@huskers.unl.edu

 
Lab Alumni

	Juan David Betancurt Cardona, MS (2020 – 2022)
	Mia Luong, MS (2020 – 2022)
	Prince Zogli, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Research Associate (2019-2021)
	Sajjan Grover, Ph.D., (2017-2021); Postdoctoral Research Associate (Feb. 2021- Jan. 2022)
	Karen Da Silva, Ph.D. (2015-2020)
	Mariana Sanchez, MS (2017 – 2019)
	Suresh Varsani, Ph.D. (2014 – 2018)
	Saumik Basu, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Research Associate (2014 – 2017)

Allison Siekman (Summer 2014)
Zhang Jing (Summer 2014; Research Exchange Student from Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University [NWAFU], China)
Shelby Patak (September 2014 – December 2014)
Anqui Li (Summer 2015; Research Exchange Student from NWAFU, China)
Mengke Yuan (Summer 2015; Research Exchange Student from NWAFU, China)
Yizi Mao (September 2015 – January 2016)
Ellis Johnson (January 2016 – May 2017) (Undergraduate Creative Activities and Research Experience [UCARE] Program, University of Nebraska-Lincoln)
Braden Wojahn (March 2017 – May 2018) (UCARE Program)
Luisa Valencia (August 2017 – July 2018)
Ben Bradley, Lab Research Assistant, Undergraduate Student (May 2019 - August 2019)
Murtaza Nalwala, Lab Research Assistant, Undergraduate Student (September 2019 - December 2019)

Adryenna Perez, Summer 2019 REU student
Juan Raya, Summer 2019 REU student
Jessica Ayala, Summer 2021 REU student
Isabella Rodriguez, Summer 2021 REU student

Insect Control by Host Plant Resistance (ENTO 409/809): Offered every odd years of Spring semester for resident students and every even years of Summer semester as an online distance education course. This graduate-level course (cross-listed for seniors) is designed to understand the innate defense mechanisms used by plants to defend themselves, role of resistant (R) genes, signaling pathways and biotechnology in plant resistance to insects, and assess current research on plant resistance genes and “omic” approaches to understand the insect interactions with host plants. Chemical Ecology of Insect-Plant Interactions (ENTO 835): Offered every even years of Spring semester for resident students. This course focuses on direct and indirect plant defenses against herbivory, tritrophic interactions among plant, insect herbivores and herbivore natural enemies, biochemical mechanisms of plant defenses, insect herbivore-produced elicitors of plant defenses, and chemical ecology of insect vectors of plant diseases.

The Louis Lab organizes and participates in various public scientific education and outreach events. These events include “BugFest,” “Fascination of Plants Day,” “Research Experience for Teachers” Program, “Visits by Scientist” program at Lincoln Public Schools, and the “Research Experience for Undergraduate Students” Program.

 

University of Nebraska – Lincoln’s Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources Vice Chancellor Mike Boehm joins Alex Voichoskie to explore research at the Louis Lab that is focused on identifying the gene or genes in sorghum that will protect the crop against damaging sugarcane aphids.

Nebraska study to help sorghum defend against sugarcane aphid – FarmProgress

Study of aphid damage in sorghum receives NSF CAREER award – Nebraska Today

Experiments underscore overlooked aspect of defending corn from pest – Nebraska Today

Cover story, Louis J, Gobbato E, Mondal HA, Feys BJ, Parker JE and Shah J (2012). Discrimination of Arabidopsis PAD4 activities in defense against green peach aphid and pathogens. Plant Physiology, 158: 1860-1872.

Recent UNL Entomology graduate and now postdoc Dr. Sajjan Grover had his ESA National Meeting presentation selected to be a part of the “Rising Stars of Entomology Award Symposium” at the meeting. He also took 1st place in the Ph.D. Presentation Session. Congratulations, Sajjan!

No current openings.

If you are interested in applying for fellowships/grants (graduate or postdoctoral fellowships), please send me an email along with your CV and a brief description of your research interests. Below are the links to some funding sources.

USDA NIFA Fellowship Program

NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program

NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowships in Biology (PRFB)

Contact Us Email: joelouis@unl.edu Office phone: (402) 472-8098 Lab Location: 309 Entomology Hall 1700 East Campus Mall University of Nebraska-Lincoln (East Campus) Lincoln, NE 68583-0816  University of Nebraska-Lincoln Entomology Department Page